Impacto das mudanças climáticas na auto-organização do território o caso da região da Moamba, Boane e Namaacha na Província de Maputo

Abstract

Africa is one of the most vulnerable continents to climate change, and this situation is aggravated by its weak adaptive capacity. The factors that determine the impacts, vulnerability and capacity to adapt to climate change are complex and unequal in the different regions, being directly related, among other things, to the level of social development and the response capacity of society at different scales. Although Mozambique's contributions on climate change are insignificant, the country ranks third among African countries most exposed to climate-related risks and suffers periodically from cyclones, droughts, floods and epidemics. In recent times, these events have become more frequent and intense, with repercussions on national development and a dramatic impact on the lives of the most disadvantaged population, who live in areas most exposed to climate risks. In Maputo province the rural-urban balance is changing due to migration and progressive urbanization, deforestation, climate change, socio-economic and political instability, making the neighboring districts of the rapidly growing Maputo Metropolitan Area fragile territories. In this sense, the present study focuses on the spatial impact of climate change in Mozambique, in the specific case of the region of Moamba, Boane and Namaacha. The main objective of the study is to describe the dynamics of transformation taking place in the region, analyzing the impacts exerted by Climate Change on the self-organization of human settlements. The proposed methodology is situated in a qualitative study plan and a exploratory approach, monographic procedure methods or case study was used, whose data collection was circumscribed in semi-structured interviews, documental and spatial data analysis. The results obtained confirm that processes of spatial self-organization resulting from climate change are taking place, following new patterns of territorial occupation, and the government has limited control over these dynamics, increasing the problems resulting from territorial asymmetries. However, despite the uncertainties that still exist about climate change, it is suggested that the government invest in policies to minimize vulnerability and develop adaptation to the impacts of these changes and the creation of a structural model of planning, with a regional perspective.